نموذج اختبار ستيب | " اللعبة " الدمية الروسية ماتريوشكا Matryoshka doll
Read the following passage and then answer the following questions
Matryoshka doll
1. A matryoshka doll also known as a Russian nesting doll, Stacking
dolls دمى فوق بعضها , or Russian doll, is a set of wooden خشبية dolls of
decreasing size حجدمها يتناقص placed one inside another توضع داخل بعضها
البعض . The name "matryoshka"literally "little matron/woman". الأم الصغيرة
2. The first Russian nested doll set was made in 1890 by Vasily
Zvyozdochkin. Traditionally تقليدي the outer layer اللباس الخارجي is a woman,
dressed in a sarafan, a long and shapeless traditional Russian peasant فلاحي
jumper dress لباس واسع . The figures inside may be of either gender جنس ذكر
أو أنثى ; the smallest, innermost doll is typically a baby turned from a single
piece of wood. Much of the artistry فن is in the painting of each doll, which
can be very elaborate تفصيلي . The dolls often follow a theme ; فكرة أو موضوع
the themes may vary, from fairy tale characters شخصيات قصصية خيالية to
Soviet leaders القادة السوفييت . Matryoshka dolls are often referred to as
"babushka dolls", babushka meaning "grandmother" or "old woman". الجد
3. Modern artists create many new styles of nesting dolls. Common themes
include floral, Christmas, Easter, religious, animal collections, portraits
and caricatures كاريكاتير of famous politicians سياسيين , musicians , موسيقيين
athletes, رياضيين astronauts رواد الفضاء , "robots," and popular movie stars.
Today, some Russian artists specialize in painting themed matryoshka
dolls that feature specific categories of subjects, people or nature. Areas
with notable matryoshka styles include Sergiyev Posad, Semionovo (now
the town of Semyonov),[8] Polkhovsky Maidan, and Kirov.
Russian leaders in matryoshka form
4. In the late 1980s and early 1990s during Perestroika, freedom of
expression حرية التعبير allowed the leaders of the Soviet Union to become a
common theme of matryoshka, with the largest doll featuring then-current
leader Mikhail Gorbachev ميخائيل غورباتشوف . These became very popular at
the time, affectionately بمودة earning يكسب the nickname of a "Gorby",
namesake of Gorbachev. With the periodic succession الخلافة الدورية of
Russian leadership القيادة الروسية after the collapse انهيار of the Soviet Union
الاتحاد السوفيتي , newer versions would start to feature Russian presidents
الرؤساء Boris Yeltsin, Vladimir Putin, and Dmitry Medvedev.
5. The largest set of matryoshka dolls in the world is a 51-piece set مجموعة
من 51 قطعة hand-painted by Youlia Bereznitskaia of Russia, completed in
2003. The tallest doll in the set measures 53.97 centimetres (21.25 in); the
smallest, 0.31 centimetres (0.12 in). Arranged side-by-side, the dolls span
3.41 metres
1. Matryoshka doll, the Russian doll, is a set of wooden dolls ………
a. of the same size
b. of different sizes
c. of small size
d. of big size
2. The first Russian nested doll set was made in …………. by Vasily Zvyozdochkin.
a. 18th century
b.19th century
c. 1980
d. the 20th century
3. What themes do the dolls often follow?
a. fairy tale characters
b. soviet leaders
c. babushka dolls
d. ( A& B)
4. The last paragraph is mainly talking about……………
a. different sizes and number of pieces matryoshka dolls
b. the tallest doll
c. smallest doll
d. the 51-piece set